Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis

What Is Osteoporosis?

Osteoporosis is a condition in which bones lose density and strength, making them more fragile and more likely to fracture. The word literally means “porous bone.” Over time, normal bone remodeling becomes unbalanced, bone is broken down faster than it is rebuilt , leading to thinning bone structure and reduced stability.

Osteoporosis most commonly affects the spine, hips, and wrists. In the spine, weakened vertebrae can develop compression fractures that lead to back pain, height loss, and postural changes such as forward stooping.

Because bone loss occurs gradually and without symptoms, osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” until a fracture occurs.

Why Osteoporosis Matters

Spinal compression fractures related to osteoporosis are a major source of pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Even small fractures can cause significant discomfort, reduced mobility, and changes in spinal alignment. In more advanced cases, repeated fractures can lead to chronic pain, nerve irritation, and decreased independence.

Early identification and management can significantly reduce fracture risk and help preserve mobility and function.

Common Risk Factors

Osteoporosis can affect anyone, but certain factors increase risk:

• Aging and postmenopausal hormone changes

• Family history of osteoporosis or fractures

• Low body weight or nutritional deficiencies

• Smoking and excessive alcohol use

• Long-term steroid medication use

• Sedentary lifestyle

• Certain medical conditions affecting hormone balance or bone metabolism

Symptoms and Warning Signs

Osteoporosis itself typically does not cause pain until bone weakening leads to structural changes or fracture. When symptoms occur, they may include:

• Persistent back pain

• Sudden onset back pain after minor activity

• Loss of height over time

• Stooped or forward posture

• Fragility fractures from minimal trauma

Any sudden or unexplained spinal pain, especially in older adults, should be evaluated promptly.

How Osteoporosis Is Diagnosed

Diagnosis usually involves a combination of clinical assessment and imaging. A bone density scan (DEXA) is the most common method used to measure bone strength and fracture risk. X-rays, CT scans, or MRI may be used when fractures are suspected.

Your provider may also recommend laboratory testing to identify metabolic or hormonal contributors to bone loss.

Treatment Options

Treatment focuses on improving bone strength, preventing fractures, and managing pain when fractures occur. Care may include:

• Medications that slow bone loss or promote bone formation

• Calcium and vitamin D optimization

• Weight-bearing exercise and fall prevention strategies

• Physical therapy to improve strength and posture

• Pain management strategies for fracture-related discomfort

When vertebral compression fractures cause significant pain or functional limitation, minimally invasive procedures such as vertebral augmentation (kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty) may be considered.

When to Seek Evaluation

You should consider evaluation if you experience persistent back pain, notice gradual height loss, have had a low-impact fracture, or have known risk factors for bone loss. Early assessment can prevent future fractures and improve long-term spinal health.

How Resolution Spine & Joint Can Help

At Resolution Spine & Joint, we evaluate osteoporosis-related spinal pain with a comprehensive and patient-centered approach. Our goal is to identify fracture risk early, manage pain effectively, and help patients maintain mobility and independence.

For patients with painful compression fractures, we offer advanced non-surgical and minimally invasive treatment options designed to restore function and improve quality of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is osteoporosis reversible?
While bone density loss may not be completely reversible, treatment can significantly slow progression and reduce fracture risk.

Does osteoporosis always cause pain?
No. Many patients have no symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Can exercise help osteoporosis?
Yes. Weight-bearing and resistance exercises can help maintain bone strength and improve balance, reducing fall risk.

Are spinal compression fractures treatable without surgery?
Many fractures improve with conservative care. When pain persists, minimally invasive procedures may provide significant relief.

References

National Osteoporosis Foundation
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
National Institute on Aging